GERD

GERD Diagnosis

If you experience the chronic and recurrent symptoms of GERD, it’s important that you seek a prompt diagnosis. While these symptoms can be uncomfortable and frustrating, working with your healthcare provider will help ensure that you get the most effective treatment possible. In most cases, your healthcare provider will be able to determine whether you’re experiencing acid reflux (as opposed to GERD) based on your symptoms and medical history. If they suspect you may have GERD, your provider may recommend that you undergo one or more tests to verify your diagnosis. The following are common tests used to diagnose GERD^[16]:

• Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and biopsy: In this test, a long tube with a light on its end (called an endoscope) is passed through the mouth and throat into the upper GI tract (esophagus, stomach, and duodenum [the first part of the small intestine just beyond the stomach]). The provider then examines the lining of the digestive tract for abnormalities and signs of damage caused by GERD. They may also remove a bit of tissue (biopsy) for further examination.
• Upper GI X-ray: An X-ray of the GI tract can help reveal GERD-related problems. During this test, you’re given a chalky liquid to drink. This liquid coats the lining of your digestive tract, allowing the provider to examine the esophagus, stomach, and upper intestine by X-ray.
• Esophageal pH monitoring: The pH level of your esophagus can help reveal the presence of GERD. In this test, a monitor is placed in your esophagus and constantly measures its pH for 24–48 hours. This monitor is usually a catheter (a thin, flexible tube) passed through the nose into the esophagus or a clip planted in the esophagus during an endoscopy. The clip passes through your stool within two days.
• Esophageal manometry: This test is used to examine the coordination of and force exerted by the esophageal muscles, which can help determine how well your esophagus is functioning. During esophageal manometry, a small, flexible tube with sensors on it is inserted through your nose. These sensors then measure the coordination and strength of your muscles as you swallow.